Species Inventory of Herb Mountain Farm

In 2014, Luke Cannon, aka Luke Learning Deer, helped us compile a species list of the flora we have met on the property. Over the past few years, Marc Williams has been a valued investor in not only updating this list, but bringing plants to help broaden it! (And helping plant and tend them, too!)

It begins with a description of our farm, and then a list, starting with trees and shrubs, of all perennials here, as well as some animal life! Enjoy! This list is continually being updated, a true living document!

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Species Inventory of Herb Mountain Farm 

Weaverville, North Carolina  

begun 2014, last updated May 2022

Compiled by Luke Cannon, Marc Williams and Mary Plantwalker

This list begins a general survey of the biota of Herb Mountain Farm Botanical Sanctuary. The property, starting at roughly 2,600ft and rising to about 3,800ft, primarily consists of West facing slopes but also includes some South, Northeast and North facing slopes. Herb Mountain peak rises to about 4,200ft just above, which is one of the major ridges of the Craggy Mountain range, just to the East. 

The property of 138 acres primarily consists of young Mixed Pine Oak forest but also includes cultivated gardens and residential, retreat and educational infrastructures along the flatter Western edge. Areas of older growth and Rich Cove forest offer higher diversity within the woodland, especially within coves along the drainages. Onion Rock, a Rocky Outcrop/Escarpment, exists along the upper ridge at about 3,600ft which deserves further investigation for uncommon species.  There are two smaller westwardly draining streams, Banjo Branch and Dry Branch, that converge on the property in the wooded area of the Nature Trail, just below the old home site(stone chimney) before running down to Maney Branch.  The Nature Trail makes a mile-long loop around the lower end of the property.

With hope this list will continue to grow and serve to aid those who will steward and enjoy this land for generations to come.

Trees, shrubs and plants are listed in alphabetical order under their scientific names by family, then genus, species and common name. Rare plants for the Appalachians will be indicated as “Rare”; plants of non-native or cultivated status will have an * following their names and “Invasive” if they are particularly so.  Plants that were only keyed to genus will be labeled with “sp.” following the generic name. Species of concern refers to its increase in dying or showing excess disease or insect damage. Only perennial or self-seeding annuals are listed. Mushrooms and fungi will be listed similarly. Noted Birds are listed by their common names. More Ferns, Grasses, Rushes, Sedges, Minerals, Invertebrates and Fauna, as well as Flora, are hoped to be added in time. 

TREES AND SHRUBS:

Adoxaceae 

Sambucus canadensis, Common Elderberry

Viburnum acerifolium, Maple-leaved Viburnum

Viburnum dentata, Arrowwood

Viburnum nudum, Possumhaw

Viburnum prunifolium, Black Haw

Viburnum rhytidophyllum, Leatherleaf Viburnum

Viburnum trilobum, High Bush Cranberry or Crampbark

Viburnum X pragense, Prague Viburnum

Anacardiaceae

Rhus glabra, Smooth Sumac 

Rhus typhina, Staghorn Sumac

Annonaceae

Asimina triloba, Common Paw-Paw

Aquifoliaceae

Ilex crenata, Japanese Holly*

Ilex decidua, Winter Holly

Ilex meservaea, Blue Maid Hollies*

Ilex opaca, American Holly

Berberidaceae

Berberis thunbergii, Barberry Bagatelle*

Nandina domestica, Heavenly Bamboo*

Betulaceae

Alnus sp., Alder

Betula lenta, Sweet Birch

Betula nigra, River Birch

Carpinus caroliniana, Musclewood

Corylus americana or cornuta, Mt. Hazelnut

Ostrya virginiana, Hop Hornbeam

Buxaceae

Buxus sempervirens, Boxwood*

Sarcococca hookeriana, Pumila Sweetbox*

Calycanthaceae

Calycanthus floridus, Sweetshrub or Sweetbubbas or Carolina Allspice

Cannabaceae

Celtis sp. Hackberry

Caprifoliaceae

Lonicera caerulea, Honeyberry or Haskap*

Celastraceae

Euonymus atropurpureus, Burning Bush or American Wahoo

Clethraceae

Clethra alniflora, Pepperbush

Cornaceae

Cornus alternifolia, Alternate-leaf Dogwood

Cornus amomum, Silky Dogwood

Cornus drummondii, Roughleaf Dogwood

Cornus florida, Flowering Dogwood (species of concern)

Cornus kousa*

Cornus mas, Cornelian Cherry

Cornus sericea, Red-osier Dogwood, Red Gnome variety 

Cupressaceae

Chamaecyparis pisifera, Vintage Gold Cypress*

Juniperus chinensis, Angelica Blue Juniper*

Juniperus conferta, Gold Coast*

Juniperus horizontales, Gold strike*

Juniperus virginiana, Eastern Red Cedar

Thuja spp., ArborVitae*

Ebenaceae

Diospyros virginiana, Persimmon

Diospyros kaki., Asian Persimmon* 

Ericaceae

Kalmia latifolia, Mountain Laurel

Oxydendron arboreum, Sourwood

Rhododendron austrinum, Southern Flame Azaela 

Rhododendron calendulaceum, Flame azalea

Rhododendron maximum, Rosebay Rhododendron or Great Laurel

Rhododendron periclymenoides, Pinxter Azaela

Rhododendron sp., Swamp Azaela

Rhododendron spp., Rhododendron 

Vaccinium altomontanum, Blue Ridge Blueberry

Vaccinium corymbosum, Highbush Blueberry

Vaccinium pallidum or stamineum Blueberries*

Fabaceae

Albizia julibrissin, Mimosa*

Caragana arborescens, Siberian Pea Shrub*

Cercis canadensis, Eastern Redbud

Gymnocladus dioicus, Kentucky Coffee Tree

Robinia pseudoacacia, Black Locust (species of concern)

Fagaceae

Castanea mollisima, Chinese Chestnut*

Fagus grandifolia, American Beech

Quercus alba, White Oak (species of concern)

Quercus falcata, Southern Red Oak

Quercus illicifolia, Bear/Scrub Oak

Quercus macrocarpa, Bur Oak

Quercus montana, Chestnut Oak

Quercus rubra, Northern Red Oak

Quercus stellata, Post Oak

Quercus velutina, Black Oak

Gingkoaceae

Ginko biloba, Gingko*

Grossulariaceae 

Ribes rotundifolium, Appalachian Gooseberry

Hamamelidaceae

Fothergilla sp., Witch Alder

Hamamelis virginiana, Witch Hazel

Hydrangeaceae

Deutzia sp. “Dwarf”

Hydrangea arborescens, Wild Hydrangea

Hydrangea quercifolia, Oak Leaf Hydrangea

Hydrangea spp., Ornamental varieties

Philadelphus inodorus, Scentless Mock Orange

Illiaceae

Illicium floridanum, Star Anise Tree*

Iteaceae

Itea virginica, Virginia Sweetspire 

Juglandaceae

Carya cordiformis Bitternut Hickory

Carya glabra, Pignut Hickory

Carya ovalis, Red Hickory

Carya tomentosa, Mockernut Hickory

Carya illinoinensis, Pecan

Juglans nigra, Black Walnut

Lamiaceae

Clerodendrum sp., Glorybower*

Vitex spp.

Lauraceae

Lindera benzoin, Spicebush

Sassafras albidum, Sassafras

Lythraceae

Lagerstromeia indica, Crepe Myrtle Siren Red Whit VII*

Magnoliaceae 

Liriodendron tulipifera, Tulip Tree

Magnolia acuminata, Cucumber Magnolia

Magnolia fraseri, Fraser or Mountain Magnolia or Wahoo

Magnolia grandiflora, Southern Magnolia*

Magnolia macrophylla, Big Leaf Magnolia

Magnolia liliifolia, Japanese Magnolia*

Magnolia stellata, Star Magnolia*

Magnolia virginiana, Sweet Bay

 

Malvaceae

Hibiscus syriacus, Rose of Sharon*

Maclura pomifera, Osage Orange

Tilia heterophylla, Appalachian Basswood or Linden

Tilia sp., European cultivar*

Moraceae

Ficus carna, Dessert King*

Morus alba, White Mulberry* (species of concern)

Morus rubra, Red Mulberry

Nyssaceae

Nyssa sylvatica, Black Gum or Tupelo

Oleaceae

Abeliophylum distichum, White Forsythia*

Chionanthus virginicus, Fringe Tree or Grandaddy Graybeard

Forsythia sp., Forsythia*

Fraxinus americana, White Ash 

Fraxinus spp., Ash (species of concern)

Ligustrum sinense, Privet* Invasive

Syringa sp., Lilac*

Pinaceae

Picea glauca, Dwarf Alberta Spruce*

Pinus strobus, Eastern White Pine

Pinus virginiana, Scrub Pine

Pinus taeda, Loblolly Pine

Tsuga canadensis, Eastern Hemlock (species of concern)

Tsuga canadensis, Weeping Hemlock ‘Pendulum”

Tsuga caroliniana, Carolina Hemlock (this species is at risk of becoming threatened and endangered, worldwide)

Platanaceae

Platanus occidentalis, American Sycamore

Rhamnaceae

Frangula alnus, “Asplenifolia”*

Ziziphus mauritiana, Jujube Date*

Rosaceae

Amelanchier arborea, Tree Serviceberry or Juneberry

Aronia sp., Chokeberry

Chamaenomeles sp. Flowering Quince*

Crataegus spp., Hawthorn

Kerria japonica, Yellow Rose of Texas*

Malus sp., Apple*

Physocarpus opulifolius, Ninebark

Prunus armeniaca, Apricot* 

Prunus avium, Bird Cherry*

Prunus pensylvanica, Fire Cherry

Prunus serotina, Black Cherry (species of concern)

Prunus sp., Cherry*

Prunus sp., Native Plum

Prunus tomentosa, Nanking Cherry*

Pyrus communis, Pear*

Rosa multiflora, Multiflora Rose* Invasive

Rosa rugosa, Rugosa Rose*

Rosa virginiana, Virginia Rose

Rosa spp., Rose Ornamentals*

Rubus occidentalis, Black Cap Raspberry 

Rubus phoenicolasius, Wineberry*

Rubus sp., Blackberry*

Rubus sp., Raspberry*

Sorbus americana, Rowan or Mountain Ash

Spirea japonica* Very Invasive 

Spirea prunifolia, Old-Fashioned Bridle Wreath Spirea*

Rubiaceae

Cephalanthus occidentalis, Buttonbush

Gardenia jasmanoides, Gardenia*

Rutacee

Ptelea trifoliata Wafer Ash or Hoptree

Poncirus trifoliata, Trifoliate Orange* “Flying Dragon”

Salicaceae

Salix babylonica, Weeping Willow

Salix caprea, Dwarf Pussy Willow*

Salix discolor, Pussy Willow

Salix sp., Willow

Sapindaceae

Acer japonica, Japanese Maple Vitifolium

Acer negundo, Eastern Box Maple or Box Elder 

Acer pensylvanicum, Striped Maple

Acer rubrum, Red Maple

Acer saccharinum, Silver Maple

Acer saccharum, Sugar Maple

Aesculus sylvatica, Painted Buckeye

Koelreuteria paniculata, Goldenrain Tree*

Simaroubaceae 

Ailanthus altissima, Tree of Heaven* Invasive

Styracaceae

Halesia tetraptera, Carolina Silverbell

Styrax americanus, American Snowbell

Taxaceae

Taxus sp., Yew*

Theaceae

Cammelia sinensis, Tea* 

Stewartia sp., Stewartia (species of concern)DIED?

Thymelaeaceae

Daphne odora, Daphne*

Dirca palustris, Leatherwood

Ulmaceae

Ulmus rubra, Slippery Elm

HERBACEOUS PLANTS (MONOCOTS)

Acoraceae

Acorus calamus, Sweet Flag or Calamus

Agavaceae

Camassia scilloides, Eastern Camas or Quamash Lily

Hosta spp., Hosta*

Yucca filamentosa, Yucca*

Amaryllidaceae 

Allium spp., Ornamentals*

Allium cernuum, Nodding Onion

Allium tricoccum, Ramps

Allium vineale, Field Garlic or Wild Onion*

Narcissus pseudonarcissus, Daffodil

Araceae 

Amorphophallus konjac, Voodoo Lily*

Arisaema dracontium, Green Dragon DIED?

Arisaema triphyllum, Jack-in-the-Pulpit, Indian Turnip 

Asparagaceae

Hesperaloe parviflora, Red Yucca

Maianthemum racemosum, Solomon’s Plume

Polygonatum biflorum or pubescens, Solomon’s Seal

Polygonatum kingianum, Huang Jing* 

Asphodelaceae  (Xanthorrhoeaceae)

Asphodelus albus, Asphodel*

Hemerocallis fulva, Day Lily*

Colchicaceae 

Uvularia perfoliata, Perfoliate Bellwort 

Uvularia sessilifolia, Sessile Bellwort

Commelinaceae 

Commelina communis, Asiatic Dayflower*

Tradescantia ohiensis, Spiderwort

Cyperaceae 

Carex flaca, Blue Zinger Sedge

Carex pensylvanica, Pennsylvania Sedge

Carex plantaginea, Plantain Leaved Sedge 

Carex spp., Sedges

Dioscoraceae 

Dioscorea polystachya, Cinnamonvine, Air Potato* Invas  

Dioscorea villosa, Wild Yam

Iridaceae 

Crocosmia sp., Lucifer’s Tongue*

Iris cristata, Dwarf Crested Iris 

Iris fulva, Copper Iris

Iris pallida, Orris Root

Iris pseudoacorus, Yellow Flag*

Iris spp., multiple varieties all over property*

Juncaceae 

Juncus effusus, Soft Rush (by lower pond) 

Juncus tenuis, Path Rush 

Hyacinthaceae

Muscari atlanticum, Grape Hyacinth*

Ornithogalum umbellatum, Star of Bethlehem*

Liliaceae 

Erythronium sp., Trout Lily

Lilium michauxii, Carolina Lily

Lilium superbum, Turk’s Cap Lily

Liriope muscari, Liriope*

Medeola virginiana, Wild or Indian Cucumber

Prosartes lanuginosa, Yellow Mandarin or Fairy Bells

Scilla siberica, Siberian Squill*

Melanthiaceae 

Chamelirium luteum, False Unicorn Root

Trillium cuneatum, Sweet Betsy or Purple Toadshade

Trillium catesbaei, Nodding Pink Flowering Trillium

Trillium erectum, Stinking Willie

Trillium luteum, Yellow Trillium

Trillium rugelii, Southern or Tall Nodding Trillium    

Veratrum viride, White Hellebore or Cornhusk-lily 

Nartheciaceae

Aletris farinosa, Unicorn Root

Orchidaceae

Aplectrum hyemale, Adam and Eve or Puttyroot   

Cypripedium acaule, Pink Lady’s Slippers

Galearis spectabilis, Showy Orchid

Goodyera pubescens, Rattlesnake Orchid 

Spiranthes cernua, Nodding Ladies’ Tresses   

Tipularia discolor, Cranefly Orchid

Poaceae

Anthoxanthum odorata, Eastern Vernal Sweetgrass

Arundinaria gigantea, Rivercane

Arundo donax, Peppermint Stick or Striped Giant Reed*

Dichanthelium clandestinum, Deer-Tongue Grass

Dichanthelium sp., Witch Grass

Heirochloe odorata, Ceremonial Sweetgrass*

Leymus arenerius, Blue Lyme Grass*

Microstegium vimineum,  Japanese Stilt Grass*

Miscanthus sinensis,  Chinese Silver Grass*  Invasive

Panicum virgatum, Panicgrass or Switchgrass

Phalaris arundinacea, Reed Canary Grass*

Poa annua, Bluegrass

Schizachyrium scoparium, Little Bluestem

Sorghum halapense, Johnson Grass* Invasive

Smilacaceae 

Smilax glauca, Greenbrier or Sarsparilla

Smilax herbacea, Smooth Carrion Flower

Smilax rotundifolia, Common Greenbriar or Catbriar  

Typhaceae

Typha angustifolia or latifolia, Cattail* (Invasive)

HERBACEOUS PLANTS (DICOTS)

Acanthaceae

Acanthus mollis Bear’s Breeches*

Ruellia caroliniensis, Carolina Wild Petunia

Amaranthaceae

Amaranthus spinosa, Spiny Amaranth* 

Amaranthus spp.

Chenopodium album, Lamb’s Quarter or Goose-foot* 

Anacardiaceae

Toxicodendron radicans, Eastern Poison Ivy

Apiaceae 

Angelica archangelica, Angelica*

Angelica gigas, Angelica*

Angelica triquinata, Filmy Angelica

Cryptotaenia canadensis, Honewort

Daucus carota, Queen Anne’s Lace*

Eryngium yuccifolium, Rattlesnake Master

Ligusticum canadense, Appalachian Osha or Angelico

Myrrhis odorata, European Sweet Cicely*

Osmorhiza claytonii, Sweet Cicely

Osmorhiza longistylis, Long Style Sweet Cicely

Pastinaca sativa, Wild Parsnip*

Sanicula canadensis, Short-styled Snakeroot 

Sanicula gregaria, Clustered Snakeroot

Zizia aurea, Common Golden Alexander 

Apocynaceae 

Amsonia tabernaemontana, Blue Star

Apocynum cannibinum, Dogbane

Asclepias exaltata, Poke Leaved Milkweed*

Asclepias incarnata, Swamp Milkweed

Asclepias quadrifolia, Four-Leaved Milkweed

Asclepias syriaca, Common Milkweed

Asclepias tuberosa, Butterfly Weed

Ascelpias viridiflora, Green Milkweed DIED?

Asclepias verticillata, Whorled Milkweed DIED?

Gomphocarpus physocarpus, Balloon Milkweed*

Matelea carolinensis, Carolina Spinypod

Vinca minor, Vinca or Periwinkle 

Araliaceae 

Aralia racemosa, Spikenard

Aralia spinosa, Devil’s Walking Stick

Hedera helix, English Ivy*

Eleuthrococcus sp., Siberian Ginseng*

Panax quinquefolius, American Ginseng 

Tetrapanax papyrifer, Rice Paper Plant*  

Aristolochiaceae

Isotrema macrophyllum, Dutchman’s Pipevine

Asarum canadense,  Wild Ginger

Asarum splendens. Asian Wild Ginger*

Asteraceae

Achillea borealis, Native Yarrow 

Achillea millifolium, Yarrow

Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Common Ragweed *(Invasive)

Ambrosia trifida, Great Ragweed

Anacyclus pyrethrum, Pelliatory*

Antennaria spp., Rosy Pussy-Toes

Arctium minus, Common Burdock*

Arnoglossum atriplicifolium, Pale Indian Plantain

Artemisia absinthium, Wormwood*

Artemisia annua, Sweet Annie*

Artemisia vulgaris, Mugwort*

Bidens frondosa, Beggar’s Ticks 

Bigelowia nuttallii, Nutalls Rayless Goldenrod

Boltonia asteroides, Wavy Aster

Centaurea cyanus, Bachelor’s Button*

Chrysanthemum morifolium, Gong-ju-hua and Bo-ju-hua*

Chrysogonum virginianum, Green and Gold

Chrysopsis mariana, Golden Aster

Cichorium intybus, Chicory

Cirsium discolor, Field thistle*

Cirsium sp., Thistle

Conoclinum coelestinum, Blue Mist or Hardy Ageratum

Coreopsis latifolia

Coreopsis major, Whorled Coreopsis

Coreopsis sp., Ornamentals*

Dahlia pinnata, Dahlia*

Echinacea angustifolia, Narrow-leaved Purple Coneflower

Echinacea laevigata, Native Appalachian Echinacea

Echinacea paradoxa, Ozark Coneflower

Echinacea purpurea, Eastern Purple Coneflower

Echinacea tennesseensis, Tennesse Purple Coneflower

Elephantopus tomentosa/carolinianus, Elephant’s Foot

Erechtites heiraciifolius, Pilewort

Erigeron annus, Annual Fleabane

Erigeron philadelphicus, Daisy Fleabane

Erigeron pulchellus, Robin’s Plantain

Eupatorium perfoliatum, Boneset

Eupatorium serotinum, Thoroughwort or Late Boneset

Eurybia divaricata, White Heart-leaved or Wood Aster

Eurybia macrophyllum, Big Leaf Aster 

Eutrochium maculatum, Spotted Joe-Pye Weed

Eutrochium steelei, Appalchian Joe-Pye Weed

Galinsoga ciliata,  Galinsoga or Quickweed

Grindelia robusta, Gumweed* 

Helianthus angustifolius, Swamp Sunflower

Asteraceae (Continued)

Helianthus maximilianii, Maximillian Sunflower

Helianthus mollis, Ashy Sunflower

Helianthus tuberosus, Jerusalem Artichoke

Heliopsis helianthoides, Oxeye Sunflower

Hieracium venosum, Rattlesnake weed

Inula helenium, Elecampane*

Ionactis linariifolius, Stiff-leaved Aster

Krigia montana, Mountain Dwarf Dandelion

Lactuca canadense, Wild Lettuce

Leucanthemum vulgare, Ox-Eyed Daisy*

Liatris aspera, Rough Blazing Star

Liatris pycnostachya, Prairie Blazing Star

Liatris spicata, Blazing Star or Gayfeather

Nablus latissimus, White Lettuce or Gall of the Earth

Packera anonyma, Small’s Ragwort

Packera aurea, Golden Ragwort

Parthenium integrifolium, Wild Quinine

Pityopsis graminifolia, Narrow-leaf Silk Grass

Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium, Rabbit Tobacco or Sweet Everlasting

Ratibida pinnata, Prairie or Gray-headed Coneflower

Rudbeckia hirta, Black Eyed Susan

Rudbeckia laciniata, Sochan or Tall Yellow Coneflower 

Rudbeckia fulgide, Orange Coneflower

Rudbeckia maxima, Giant/Great/Large Coneflower

Santolina chamaecyparissus, Lavender Cotton*

Senecio vulgaris, Common Groundsel

Silphium laciniatum, Compass Plant

Silphium perfoliatum, Cup Plant

Silphium trifoliatum, Whorled Rosinweed

Smallanthus uvedalia, Leafcup or Bear’s Foot 

Silybum marianum, Milk Thistle

Solidago arguta, Atlantic Goldenrod

Solidago bicolor, Silverrod 

Solidago curtisii Mountain Decumbent Goldenrod

Solidago canadensis, Canada Goldenrod

Solidago flexicaulis Zigzag Goldenrod

Solidago speciosa, Showy Goldenrod

Solidago sphacelata, Autumn Goldenrod

Sonchus oleraceus, Common Sow Thistle*  

Stokesia laevis, Stoke’s Aster*

Symphyotrichum cordifolium, Common Blue Wood Aster

Symphyotrichum dumosum, Rice Button Aster

Symhpyotrichum ericoides, Heath Aster

Symhpyotrichum laeve, Smooth Aster

Symphyotrichum patens, Late Purple Aster

Symphyotrichum pilosum, White Heath Aster

Symphyotrichum puniceum, Swamp Aster

Symphyotrichum undulatum, Wavyleaf Aster

Tanacetum parthenium, Feverfew*

Tanacetum vulgare, Tansy* 

Taraxacum officinale, Dandelion*

Verbesina alternifolia, Wingstem

Verbesina virginica, White Crownbeard

Vernonia altissima, Ironweed

Xanthium spinosum/strumarium, Cockleburr

Youngia japonica, Asian Hawksbeard*

Balsaminaceae

Impatiens capensis, Spotted Jewelweed 

Impatiens pallida, Pale or Yellow Jewelweed

Berberidaceae

Caulophyllum thalictroides, Blue Cohosh

Epimedium sp., Horny Goat Weed*

Jeffersonia diphylla, Twin Leaf

Podophyllum peltatum, Mayapple  

Bignoniaceae

Campsis radicans, Trumpet Vine

Boraginaceae  

Anchusa ochroleuca, Yellow Alkanet*

Anchusa officinalis, Anchusa Azure*

Borago officinalis, Borage*

Cynoglossum virginiana, Hound’s Tounge

Hydrophyllum sp., Waterleaf

Mertensia virginica, Virginia Bluebells

Myosotis sp., Forget-Me-Not*

Phacelia bipinnatifida, Fern-leaved Phacelia 

Pulmonaria officinalis, Lungwort*

Symphytum officinale, Comfrey* 

Brassicaceae

Armoracia rusticana, Horseradish*

Barbarea verna, Cress*

Brassica rapa, Field Mustard*

Capsella bursa-pastoris, Shephard’s Purse*

Cardamine laciniata, Cut-leaved Toothwort

Cardamine pensylvanica, Pennsylvania Watercress

Draba verna

Erysimum sp. Wallflower

Iberis sempervirens, Candytuft*

Lepidium campestre, Resourceful Person’s Pepper

Lunaria annua, Money Plant*

Nasturtium officinale, Watercress*

Orychophragmus violaceus, Chinese Violet Cress*

Buxaceae

Pachysandra procumbens, Allegheny Spurge

Cactaceae

Cylindropuntia imbricata, Tree Cholla*

Cylindropuntia x viridiflora, Rat Tail Cholla*

Echinocereus triglochidiatus, King Cup Cactus*

Opuntia humifusa, Eastern Prickly Pear

Opuntia spp., Prickly Pear

Campanulaceae 

Campanula americana, Tall Bellflower

Campanula divaricata, Southern Harebell

Laurentia (or Isotoma) fluviatilis, Blue Star Creeper* 

Lobelia cardinalis, Cardinal Flower

Lobelia inflata, Indian Tobacco

Lobelia puberula Downy Lobelia

Lobelia siphilitica, Great Blue Lobelia

Lobelia spp., Lobelia

Triodanis perfoliata, Venus Looking Glass

Caprifoliaceae

Lonicera japonica, Japanese Honeysuckle* Invasive

Lonicera sempervirens, Southeastern Native Honeysuckle or Coral Honeysuckle

Diervilla sessifolia, Bush Honeysuckle

Dipsacus fullonum, Teasle*

Patrinia scabiosifolia, Golden Valerian*

Valeriana jamansii, Indian Valerian*

Valeriana officinalis, Valerian*

Weigelia sp.*

Caryophyllaceae

Cerastium fontanum ssp. vulgare, Mouse-eared chickweed

Dianthus armeria, Deptford Pink*

Dianthus deltoides, Maiden Pink*

Dianthus spp., Sweet William and Super Trouper etc…*

Saponaria officinalis, Bouncing Bet or Soapwort

Silene caroliniana, Wild Pink, Catchfly

Silene ovata, Blue Ridge Catchfly

Silene stellata, Starry Campion, Widowsfrill

Silene virginica, Fire Pink

Silene vulgaris, Maiden’s Tears*

Stellaria media, Common Chickweed

Stellaria pubera, Great Chickweed

Valerianella locusta, Corn Salad or Mache

Celastraceae

Celastrus orbiculatus, Oriental Bittersweet* Invasive

Euonymus fortunei, Wintercreeper* Invasive

Cistaceae

Lechea minor, Thymeleaf Pinweed 

Cleomaceae

Cleome hassleriana, Spider flower or Pink Queen* 

Convolvulaceae 

Calystegia spp., Bindweed

Convolvulus arvensis, Morning Glory*

Cuscuta sp., Dodder

Ipomoea coccinea, Small Red Morning Glory*

Ipomoea hederacea Ivy Leaf Morning Glory* 

Ipomoea purpurea, Common Morning Glory*

Crassulaceae 

Hylotelephium telephioides, Allegheny Stonecrop. Locally Rare

Sedum telephioides, Live Forever

Sedum ternatum, Wild Stonecrop 

Cucurbitaceae

Gynostemma pentaphyllum, Jiaogulan* (INVASIVE!)

Diapensiaceae 

Galax urceolata, Galax

Shortia galacifolia, Oconee Bells

Ephedraceae

Ephedra sp., Mahuang or Mormon Tea*

Equisetaceae

Equisetum hyemale affinis, Scouring Rush

Ericaceae

Calluna vulgaris, Heather*

Chimaphila maculata, Striped Pipsissewa

Gaultheria procumbens, Wintergreen

Leucothoe fontanesiana, Dog Hobble

Monotropa hypopitys, Pine Sap

Monotropa uniflora, Ghost Pipe or Indian Pipe

Pieris japonica, Japanese Andromeda*

Euphorbiaceae 

Acalypha sp., Three-seeded Mercury

Chamaesyce maculata, Spotted Spurge

Euphorbia corollata, Flowering Spurge

Euphorbia cyparissias, Graveyard Plant or Cypress Spurge

Euphorbia lathyris, Mole Plant or Gopher Spurge

Euphorbia maculata, Prostrate Spurge

Ricinus communis, Castor Bean*  

Fabaceae

Amorpha fruitcosa, Desert False Indigo

Amphicarpa bracteata, Hog Peanut

Apios americana, Groundnut

Astragalus canadensis, Canadian Milkvetch

Astragalus propinquus, Astragalus*

Baptisia australis, Wild Indigo

Baptisia leucantha, White False Indigo

Desmanthus illinoensis, Prairiehuasca*

Desmodium glutinosum, Pointed Leaf Tick Treefoil

Desmodium nudiflorum, Naked Flower Tick Trefoil

Genista tinctoria, Dyer’s Broom*

Lathyrus latifolia, Sweet Pea*

Lupinus spp., Lupines*

Securigera varia, Crown Vetch*

Senna hebecarpa, Northern Wild Senna 

Tephrosia virginiana, Devil’s Shoestrings

Thermopsis villosa, Golden Banner

Fabaceae (Continued)

Trifolium campestre, Low Hop Clover*

Trifolium pratense, Red Clover*

Trifolium repens, White Clover*

Vicia sp., Vetch

Wisteria frutescens, Native Wisteria

Gentianaceae 

Gentian sp., True Blue Gentian

Gentiana andrewsii, Andrew’s or Bottle Gentian

Gentiana lutea, Yellow Gentian*

Gentiana tibetica, Tibetan Gentian*

Obolaria virginica, Woodland Pennywort or Coy Gentian

Sabatia angularis, Rose Gentian or Rose Pink  

Geraniaceae 

Geranium maculatum, Wild Geranium

Geranium molle, Dove’s Foot Geranium

Hypericaceae

Hypericum gentianoides, Orangegrass

Hypericum perforatum, St. John’s Wort*

Hypericum prolificum, Shrubby St. John’s Wort

Hypericum punctatum, Spotted Saint John’s Wort 

Hypercium sp. St. Andrew’s Cross

Lamiaceae

Agastache foeniculum, Anise Hyssop*

Blephilia ciliata or hirsuta, Downy wood mint

Collinsonia canadensis, Richweed,Horsebalm or Stoneroot 

Glechoma hederacea, Ground Ivy, Alehoof or Gill Over the Ground* 

Lamiastrum galeobdoblon, Herman’s Pride Archangel* 

Lamium aplexicaule, Henbit*

Lamium purpureum, Purple Dead Nettle*

Lavandula spp., Lavender* (Munstead, Elegance Purple, Czech

Leonurus cardiaca, Motherwort*

Leonurus japonicus, Chinese Motherwort*

Leonurua sibiricus, Siberian Motherwort* Invasive 

Lycopus europaeus, Europe Bugleweed or Gypsywort*

Lycopus virginicus, Bugleweed

Melissa officinalis, Lemon Balm

Mentha longifolia, Habek Biblical Mint*

Mentha piperita, Peppermint

Mentha spp., Mints* Invasive

Monarda didyma, Bee Balm or Oswego Tea*

Monarda fistulosa, Wild Bergamot

Monarda punctatum, Spotted Bee Balm

Nepeta cataria, Catnip*

Ocimum sanctum, Holy Basil*

Origanum vulgare, Oregano*

Perilla frutescens, Shiso*

Perovskia atriplicifolia, Russian Sage*

Physostegia virginiana, Obedient Plant  

Prunella vulgaris, Heal-All or Self Heal*

Pycnanthemum montanum, Thinleaf Mountain Mint

Pycnanthemum muticum, Clustered Mountain Mint

Pycnanthemum sp., Mountain Mint

Rosmarinus spp., Rosemary*

Salvia lyrata or urticifolia, Lyre Leaf Sage

Salvia officinalis, Garden Sage*

Salvia miltiorrhiza, Red Sage/Denshen*

Salvia sclarea, Clary Sage*

Salvia spp., Ornamental Sages*

Scutellaria baicalensis, Chinese Skullcap*

Scutellaria elliptica, Hairy Skullcap

Scutellaria integrifolia, Helmet or Rough Skullcap

Scutellaria lateriflora, Mad Dog Skullcap

Scutellaria parvula var. leonardii, Shale Barren Skullcap

Thymus spp., Thyme varieties*    

Loganiaceae

Spigelia marilandica, Indian Pink DIED

Malvaceae

Althea officinalis, Marshmallow

Hibiscus coccineus, Swamp Hibiscus

Hibiscus moscheutos, Rose Mallow

Hibiscus sabdariffa, Roselle*

Hibiscus spp., Ornamental and Native varieties

Hibiscus trionum, Flower-of-an-Hour*

Malva neglecta, Common Mallow or Cheese Mallow*

Sida sp., Sida

Montiaceae

Claytonia virginica, Spring Beauty

Phemeranthus sp. (probably teretifolius).  Appalachian Rock Pink or Flame Flower.  This sp. though not rare, is restricted to rocky outcrops here. One at Onion Rock.   

Myricaceae

Comptonia peregrina, Sweet Fern

Onagraceae

Circaea quadrisulcata or lutetiana, Enchanter’s Nightshade 

Epilobium sp. Willow Herb

Gaura biennis, Beeblossom

Ludwigia alternifolia, Seedbox

Oenothera biennis, Evening Primrose

Onethera fremontii, Shimmer*

Oenothera fruticosa, Sundrops

Oenothera speciosa, Pink Ladies

Orobanchaceae 

Agalinus tenuifolia, Common Gerardia

Aureolaria flava, False-foxglove or Oak-leech

Aureolaria virginia, Downy False Foxglove

Conopholis americana, Bear Corn 

Epifagus virginiana, Beechdrops

Orobanche minor, Common Broomrape 

Pedicularis canadensis, Lousewort 

Oxalidaceae 

Oxalis corniculata, Creeping Wood Sorrel

Oxalis montana, Mountain Wood Sorrel

Oxalis stricta, Common Yellow wood Sorrel

Paeoniaceae

Paeonia sp., Peony*

Papaveraceae  

Dicentra canadensis, Squirrel Corn

Dicentra cucullaria, Dutchman’s Breeches

Dicentra spectabilis, White and Pink Bleeding Hearts

Eschscholzia californica, California Poppy*

Glaucium flavum, Yellow Horned Poppy

Macleaya cordata, Plume Poppy*

Papaver rhoeas, Common Poppy*

Papaver somniferum, Opium Poppy*

Papaver orientale, Oriental Poppy*

Sanguinaria canadensis, Bloodroot

Stylophorum diphyllum, Wood Poppy or Celandine 

Passifloraceae

Passiflora incarnata, Passionflower

Passiflora lutea, Yellow Passionflower

Phrymaceae 

Mimulus ringens, Monkey Flower

Phryma leptostachya, Lopseed  

Phytolaccaceae 

Phytolacca americana, Pokeweed

Plantaginaceae

Chelone lyonii, Turtlehead

Chelone spp., Turtlehead

Digitalis purpurea, Foxglove*

Penstemon spp., Beardtongue

Penstemon calycosus, Longsepal Beardtongue

Penstemon digitalis, Foxglove Penstemon 

Penstemon hirsutus, Hairy Beardtongue 

Penstemon smallii, Small’s Penstemon

Plantago lanceolata, Lance Leaf Plantain

Plantago major, Wide Leaf Plantain

Plantago rugelii, Black Seed Purple Stem Wide Plantain

Veronica americana, American Brookline

Veronica beccabunga, Water Forget-Me-Not*

Veronica peduncularis, Georgia Blue*

Veronica persica, Birds Eye Speedwell*

Veronica serpyllifolia, Thyme-leaved Veronica*

Veronicatrum virginicum, Culver’s Root

Plumbaginaceae

Ceratostigma plumbaginoides, Plumbago*

Polemoniaceae

Phlox carolina, Carolina Phlox

Phlox spp., Phlox

Phlox stolonifera, Creeping Phlox

Phlox subulata, Emerald Blue Phlox*

Polemonium reptans, Jacob’s Ladder

Polygonaceae

Brunnichia ?

Eriogonum allenii, Yellow Buckwheat

Fallopia multiflora, Heshouwu*

Fallopia scandens, Climbing Wild Buckwheat

Polygonum or Persicaria spp., Knotweed, Smartweed, Polygonum tenue, Pleatleaf Knotweed

Rumex acetosella, Sheep Sorrel*

Rumex crispus, Curly Dock*

Rumex obtusifolia, Obtuse Yellow Dock*

Rumex sanguineus, Bloody Dock*

Tovara virginiana, Virginia Jumpseed

Portulacaceae 

Portulaca oleracea, Purslane*

Primulaceae

Anagallis arvensis, Scarlet Pimpernel*

Lysimachia clethroides, Gooseneck Loosestrife* 

Lysimachia japonica, Dwf Creeping Jenny “minutissima”*

Primula auricula, Yellow Mountain Cowslip*

Primula meadia, Shooting Star

Ranunculaceae

Actaea pachypoda, Doll’s Eyes

Actaea podocarpa, Mountain Bugbane

Actaea racemosa, Black Cohosh

Anemone pulsatilla, Pasqueflower, Wind Flower, Easter Flower*

Anemone quinquefolia, Wood Anemone

Anemone virginiana, Thimbleweed

Aquilegia canadensis, Columbine

Clematis virginiana, Virgin’s Bower

Clematis spp., Ornamental

Delphinium exaltum, Tall Larkspur

Delphinium tricorne, Wild Larkspur

Helleborus orientalis, Lenten Rose*

Hepatica acutiloba, Sharp-lobed Hepatica

Hepatica nobilis, Liverwort, Liverleaf

Hydrastis canadensis, Goldenseal

Ranunculus abortivus, Small-flowered Crowfoot 

Ranunculus bulbosus, Bulb-bearing Buttercup*

Thalictrum dioicum, Meadow Rue

Trautvetterria carolinensis, Carolina Tassel Rue

Xanthorhiza simplicissima, Yellowroot

Rosaceae

Agrimonia parviflora, Small Flowering Agrimony

Agrimonia rostellata, Beaked Agrimony 

Alchemilla vulgaris, Lady’s Mantle*

Aruncus dioicus, Goatsbeard

Duchesnea indica, Indian Strawberry*

Filipendula rubra, Meadowsweet or Queen of the Prairie

Fragaria sp., Strawberry*

Geum sp., Avens

Potentilla canadensis, Dwarf Cinquefoil

Potentilla simplex, Common Cinquefoil 

Sanguisorba minor, Salad Burnet*

Spiraea alba, White Spirea

Spiraea japonica, Japanese Spirea* Invasive

Rubiaceae

Diodia virginiana, Buttonweed

Galium aparine, Cleavers*

Galium lanceolatum, Wild Licorice/Lance-leaved Galium

Galium latifolium, Wideleaf Bedstraw

Galium odorata, Sweet Woodruff*

Galium pedemontanum

Galium rubrum, Madder*

Houstonia purpurea, Purple Houstonia    

Mitchella repens, Partridgeberry or Squaw Vine (name is of Algonquian origin) Species of concern

Rubia tinctoria, Madder*

Sherardia arvensis, Blue Field Madder*

Rutaceae

Ruta graveolens, Rue*

Saururaceae

Anemopsis californica, Yerba Mansa*

Houttuynia sp., Vietnamese Coriander*

Saururus cernuus, Lizard’s Tail

Saxifragaceae 

Astilbe biternata, Appalachian Goat’s-beard

Astilbe sp., Ornamental*

Heuchera americana, American Alumroot

Heuchera spp., Coral Bells

Micranthes micranthidifolia, Branch Lettuce

Mitella diphylla, Miterwort or Bishop’s Cap

Tiarella cordifolia, Foam Flower

Schisandraceae

Schisandra glabra, Magnolia Vine

Scrophulariaceae 

Scrophularia ningpoensis, Xuan Shen*

Scrophularia nodosa, Figwort*

Verbascum blattaria, Moth Mullein

Verbascum phoeniceum, Bouquet Mullein

Verbascum thapsus, Mullein 

Solanaceae 

Brugmansia versicolor, Apricot Angel’s trumpet*

Datura metel?, Indian Thornapple*

Datura stramonium, Datura/Jimson weed

Nicandra physalodes, Apple of Peru*

Nicotiana sp., Tobacco*

Solanum americanum, Black Nightshade

Solanum carolinense, Carolina Horse Nettle

 

Urticaceae 

Laportea canadensis, Wood Nettle

Pilea pumila, Clearweed 

Urtica dioica, Stinging Nettle*

 

Verbenaceae

Verbena hastata, Blue Vervain

Verbena stricta, Hoary Vervain*

Verbena urticifolia, White Vervain 

Violaceae

Hybanthus concolor, Eastern Green Violet

Viola blanda, Sweet white Violet

Viola hastata, Halberd-leaved Violet

Viola pedata, Birdfoot Violet  

Viola pallens, Northern White Violet 

Viola palmata, Early Blue Violet

Viola pubescens, Yellow Woodland Violet

Viola sororia var. sororia, Blue or Confederate Violet

 

Vitaceae 

Parthenocissus quinquifolia, Virginia Creeper

Vitis sp., Fox Grape 

Vitis sp., Scuppernong

Vitis sp., Grape* 

Suspected: Bladder Campion, Coral-root Orchid, Mtn Pepper Bush, Vermilion Pimpernel & Whorled Loosestrife 

FERNS:

Aspleniaceae 

Asplenium platyneuron, Ebony Spleenwort 

Asplenium montanum, Mountain Spleenwort

Athyriaceae

Athyrium niponicum, Japanese Painted Fern*

Dennstaedtiaceae

Pteridium aquilinum, Bracken Fern

Dryopteridaceae 

Polystichum acrostichoides, Christmas Fern

Huperziaceae (a clubmoss family)

Huperzia lucidula, Shining Clubmoss

Onocleaceae

Matteuccia struthiopteris, Ostrich Fern

Ophioglossaceae

Botrypus virginianus, Rattlesnake Fern or Sang-pointer

Osmundaceae

Osmunda regalis, Royal Fern

Sinopteridaceae

Adiantum capillus-veneris or pedatum, Maiden Hair Fern

Woodsiaceae

Athyrium filix-femina subsp. angustum or filix- femina subsp. aspleniodes, Lady Fern

Onoclea sensibilis, Sensitive Fern

Woodsia obtusa, Bluntlobe Cliff Fern

Polypodiaceae 

Pleopeltis polypodioides, Resurrection fern

Polypodium appalachianum, Appalachian Polypody 

Thelypteridaceae 

Phegopteris hexagonoptera, Broad Beech Fern

Thelypteris noveboracensis, New York Fern  

LYCOPHYTES:

Lycopodiaceae (a clubmoss family)

Diphasiastrum digitatum, Fan Clubmoss

Lycopodium spp., Running Cedar

Selaginellaceae

Selaginella sp.

MOSSES:

Brachytheciaceae

Bryoandersonia sp. 

Fissidentaceae

Fissidens sp. 

Orthotrichaceae

Ulota crispa

Polytrichaceae

Atrichium sp.

Polytrichum commune 

Thuidiaceae

Thuidium sp.

SIGNIFICANT INVERTEBRATES: 

Halyomorpha halys, Brown Marmorated Stink Bug- Invading the home and land!!!!

Hypochilidae, Lampshade Spider. One of the oldest known lineages of living spiders.  Lives in wide funnel/lampshade shaped webs on rock boulders or overhangs.  Found on boulder near waterfall. 

Mantis religiosa, European mantis

Meloe americanus, Blue-humpbacked-blister Beetle

Ground Wasps

BUTTERFLIES:

Nymphalidae

Danaus plexippus, Monarch

Polygonia comma, Comma

Papilonidae

Battus philenor, Pipevine Swallowtail

Papilio troilus, Spicebush Swallowtail

Pieridae

Phoebis sennae Suplhur

Pieris rapae, Cabbage White

BIRDS: (Seen or heard on the Property)

Accipitridae

Accipiter cooperi, Cooper’s Hawk

Circus hudsonius, Northern Harrier 

Bombycillidae

Bombycilla cedrorum, Cedar Waxwing

Cardinalidae

Cardinalis cardinalis, Cardinal

Passerina ciris, Painted Bunting 

Passerina cyanea, Indigo Bunting 

Piranga olivacea, Scarlet Tanager

Cathartidae

Cathartes aura, Turkey Vulture

Certhidae

Tree Creeper 

Columbidae

Zenaida macroura, Mourning Dove

BIRDS Continued:

Corvidae

Corvus sp., Crow

Cyanocitta cristata Bluejay

Cuculidae

Coccyzus erythrothalmus, Black-Billed Cuckoo

Fringillidae

Coccothraustes vespertinus, Evening Grosbeak

Spinus tristis, American Goldfinch 

Hirundinidae

Hirundo rustica, Barn Swallow

Mimidae

Dumetella carolinensis, Gray Catbird

Mimus polyglottos, Northern Mockingbird

Paridae

Poecile carolinensis, Carolina Chickadee

Baeolophus bicolor, Tufted Titmouse

Parulidae

Mniotilta varia, Black and White Warbler

Seiurus aurocapilla, Oven Bird

Setophaga citrina, Hooded Warbler

Passerilidae

Junco hyemalis, Dark-Eyed Junco

Melospiza melodia, Song Sparrow

Pipilo erythrophthalmus, Eastern Towhee

Other Sparrows

Phasianidae

Grouse

Pheasant, 

Meleagris gallopavo, Wild Turkey

Picidae

Colaptes auratus, Northern Flicker

Dryobates pubescens , Downy Woodpecker

Dryocopus pileatus, Pileated Woodpecker

Leuconotopicus villosus, Hairy Woodpecker

Melanerpes carolinus, Red-bellied Woodpecker

Regulidae

Regulus calendula, Ruby-crowned kinglet

Regulus satrapa, Goldencrowned Kinglet

Strigidae 

Megascops asio, Eastern Screech Owl 

Strix varia, Barred Owl

Trochilidae
Archilochus colubris, Ruby-Throated Hummingbird

Troglodytidae

Thryothorus ludovicianus, Carolina Wren

Troglodytes hiemalis, Winter Wren

Turdidae

Sialia sp., Blue Bird

Turdus migratorius, American Robin 

Tyrinnidae

Sayornis phoebe, Eastern Phoebe 

Flycather, 

Tytonidae

Tyto alba, Barn Owl

Vireonidae

Vireo olivaceus, Red-Eyed Vireo

FUNGI: 

Agaricaceae

Lycoperdon

Boletaceae

Strobilomyces, Old Man of the Woods

Cantherellaceae

Cantharellus sp., Chanterelle

Corydicypitaceae

Cordyceps sp.

Helotiaceae

Chlorociboria aeruginascens, Blue-Green Stain Fungus 

Hygrophoreaceae

Hygrophorus flavescens, Yellow Waxy Cap

Hypocreaceae

Hypomyces, Lobster Mushroom

Marasmiaceae

Marasmius rotula, Pinwheel Mushroom

Morchellaceae

Morchella esculenta, Morel

Nidulariaceae

Bird’s Nest Fungus

Omphalotaceae
Lentinula edodes, Shiitake

Omphalotus illudens, Jack O’ Lantern

Physalacriaceae

Armillaria sp. Honey Mushrooms

Pluerotaceae

Pleurotus ostreatus, Oyster Mushroom 

Polyporaceae

Fistulina hepatica, Beefsteak Fungus

Laetiporus sp. Chicken of the Woods

Phellinus robiniae, Locust Polypore

Trametes versicolor, Common Turkey Tail 

Trichaptum biforme, Violet-toothed Polypore

Pyronemataceae

Scutellinia scutellata, Eyelash Cup Fungus

Russulaceae

Russula sp., Russula 

Lactarius spp.

Sebacinaceae

Tremellodendron pallidum, False Jelly Coral

Stereaceae

Stereum ostrea, Oyster Shaped Stereum

Xylariaceae

Xylaria polymorpha, Dead-man’s Fingers

LICHENS:

Umbilicaria americanus, Rock Trype

Usnea

SLIME MOLDS: 

Lycogala epidendrum, Wolf’s Milk Slime Mold

Stemonitis splendens, Chocolate Tube-Slime