Species Inventory of Herb Mountain Farm
In 2014, Luke Cannon, aka Luke Learning Deer, helped us compile a species list of the flora we have met on the property. Over the past few years, Marc Williams has been a valued investor in not only updating this list, but bringing plants to help broaden it! (And helping plant and tend them, too!)
It begins with a description of our farm, and then a list, starting with trees and shrubs, of all perennials here, as well as some animal life! Enjoy! This list is continually being updated, a true living document!
Species Inventory of Herb Mountain Farm
Weaverville, North Carolina
begun 2014, last updated May 2022
Compiled by Luke Cannon, Marc Williams and Mary Plantwalker
This list begins a general survey of the biota of Herb Mountain Farm Botanical Sanctuary. The property, starting at roughly 2,600ft and rising to about 3,800ft, primarily consists of West facing slopes but also includes some South, Northeast and North facing slopes. Herb Mountain peak rises to about 4,200ft just above, which is one of the major ridges of the Craggy Mountain range, just to the East.
The property of 138 acres primarily consists of young Mixed Pine Oak forest but also includes cultivated gardens and residential, retreat and educational infrastructures along the flatter Western edge. Areas of older growth and Rich Cove forest offer higher diversity within the woodland, especially within coves along the drainages. Onion Rock, a Rocky Outcrop/Escarpment, exists along the upper ridge at about 3,600ft which deserves further investigation for uncommon species. There are two smaller westwardly draining streams, Banjo Branch and Dry Branch, that converge on the property in the wooded area of the Nature Trail, just below the old home site(stone chimney) before running down to Maney Branch. The Nature Trail makes a mile-long loop around the lower end of the property.
With hope this list will continue to grow and serve to aid those who will steward and enjoy this land for generations to come.
Trees, shrubs and plants are listed in alphabetical order under their scientific names by family, then genus, species and common name. Rare plants for the Appalachians will be indicated as “Rare”; plants of non-native or cultivated status will have an * following their names and “Invasive” if they are particularly so. Plants that were only keyed to genus will be labeled with “sp.” following the generic name. Species of concern refers to its increase in dying or showing excess disease or insect damage. Only perennial or self-seeding annuals are listed. Mushrooms and fungi will be listed similarly. Noted Birds are listed by their common names. More Ferns, Grasses, Rushes, Sedges, Minerals, Invertebrates and Fauna, as well as Flora, are hoped to be added in time.
TREES AND SHRUBS:
Adoxaceae
Sambucus canadensis, Common Elderberry
Viburnum acerifolium, Maple-leaved Viburnum
Viburnum dentata, Arrowwood
Viburnum nudum, Possumhaw
Viburnum prunifolium, Black Haw
Viburnum rhytidophyllum, Leatherleaf Viburnum
Viburnum trilobum, High Bush Cranberry or Crampbark
Viburnum X pragense, Prague Viburnum
Anacardiaceae
Rhus glabra, Smooth Sumac
Rhus typhina, Staghorn Sumac
Annonaceae
Asimina triloba, Common Paw-Paw
Aquifoliaceae
Ilex crenata, Japanese Holly*
Ilex decidua, Winter Holly
Ilex meservaea, Blue Maid Hollies*
Ilex opaca, American Holly
Berberidaceae
Berberis thunbergii, Barberry Bagatelle*
Nandina domestica, Heavenly Bamboo*
Betulaceae
Alnus sp., Alder
Betula lenta, Sweet Birch
Betula nigra, River Birch
Carpinus caroliniana, Musclewood
Corylus americana or cornuta, Mt. Hazelnut
Ostrya virginiana, Hop Hornbeam
Buxaceae
Buxus sempervirens, Boxwood*
Sarcococca hookeriana, Pumila Sweetbox*
Calycanthaceae
Calycanthus floridus, Sweetshrub or Sweetbubbas or Carolina Allspice
Cannabaceae
Celtis sp. Hackberry
Caprifoliaceae
Lonicera caerulea, Honeyberry or Haskap*
Celastraceae
Euonymus atropurpureus, Burning Bush or American Wahoo
Clethraceae
Clethra alniflora, Pepperbush
Cornaceae
Cornus alternifolia, Alternate-leaf Dogwood
Cornus amomum, Silky Dogwood
Cornus drummondii, Roughleaf Dogwood
Cornus florida, Flowering Dogwood (species of concern)
Cornus kousa*
Cornus mas, Cornelian Cherry
Cornus sericea, Red-osier Dogwood, Red Gnome variety
Cupressaceae
Chamaecyparis pisifera, Vintage Gold Cypress*
Juniperus chinensis, Angelica Blue Juniper*
Juniperus conferta, Gold Coast*
Juniperus horizontales, Gold strike*
Juniperus virginiana, Eastern Red Cedar
Thuja spp., ArborVitae*
Ebenaceae
Diospyros virginiana, Persimmon
Diospyros kaki., Asian Persimmon*
Ericaceae
Kalmia latifolia, Mountain Laurel
Oxydendron arboreum, Sourwood
Rhododendron austrinum, Southern Flame Azaela
Rhododendron calendulaceum, Flame azalea
Rhododendron maximum, Rosebay Rhododendron or Great Laurel
Rhododendron periclymenoides, Pinxter Azaela
Rhododendron sp., Swamp Azaela
Rhododendron spp., Rhododendron
Vaccinium altomontanum, Blue Ridge Blueberry
Vaccinium corymbosum, Highbush Blueberry
Vaccinium pallidum or stamineum Blueberries*
Fabaceae
Albizia julibrissin, Mimosa*
Caragana arborescens, Siberian Pea Shrub*
Cercis canadensis, Eastern Redbud
Gymnocladus dioicus, Kentucky Coffee Tree
Robinia pseudoacacia, Black Locust (species of concern)
Fagaceae
Castanea mollisima, Chinese Chestnut*
Fagus grandifolia, American Beech
Quercus alba, White Oak (species of concern)
Quercus falcata, Southern Red Oak
Quercus illicifolia, Bear/Scrub Oak
Quercus macrocarpa, Bur Oak
Quercus montana, Chestnut Oak
Quercus rubra, Northern Red Oak
Quercus stellata, Post Oak
Quercus velutina, Black Oak
Gingkoaceae
Ginko biloba, Gingko*
Grossulariaceae
Ribes rotundifolium, Appalachian Gooseberry
Hamamelidaceae
Fothergilla sp., Witch Alder
Hamamelis virginiana, Witch Hazel
Hydrangeaceae
Deutzia sp. “Dwarf”
Hydrangea arborescens, Wild Hydrangea
Hydrangea quercifolia, Oak Leaf Hydrangea
Hydrangea spp., Ornamental varieties
Philadelphus inodorus, Scentless Mock Orange
Illiaceae
Illicium floridanum, Star Anise Tree*
Iteaceae
Itea virginica, Virginia Sweetspire
Juglandaceae
Carya cordiformis Bitternut Hickory
Carya glabra, Pignut Hickory
Carya ovalis, Red Hickory
Carya tomentosa, Mockernut Hickory
Carya illinoinensis, Pecan
Juglans nigra, Black Walnut
Lamiaceae
Clerodendrum sp., Glorybower*
Vitex spp.
Lauraceae
Lindera benzoin, Spicebush
Sassafras albidum, Sassafras
Lythraceae
Lagerstromeia indica, Crepe Myrtle Siren Red Whit VII*
Magnoliaceae
Liriodendron tulipifera, Tulip Tree
Magnolia acuminata, Cucumber Magnolia
Magnolia fraseri, Fraser or Mountain Magnolia or Wahoo
Magnolia grandiflora, Southern Magnolia*
Magnolia macrophylla, Big Leaf Magnolia
Magnolia liliifolia, Japanese Magnolia*
Magnolia stellata, Star Magnolia*
Magnolia virginiana, Sweet Bay
Malvaceae
Hibiscus syriacus, Rose of Sharon*
Maclura pomifera, Osage Orange
Tilia heterophylla, Appalachian Basswood or Linden
Tilia sp., European cultivar*
Moraceae
Ficus carna, Dessert King*
Morus alba, White Mulberry* (species of concern)
Morus rubra, Red Mulberry
Nyssaceae
Nyssa sylvatica, Black Gum or Tupelo
Oleaceae
Abeliophylum distichum, White Forsythia*
Chionanthus virginicus, Fringe Tree or Grandaddy Graybeard
Forsythia sp., Forsythia*
Fraxinus americana, White Ash
Fraxinus spp., Ash (species of concern)
Ligustrum sinense, Privet* Invasive
Syringa sp., Lilac*
Pinaceae
Picea glauca, Dwarf Alberta Spruce*
Pinus strobus, Eastern White Pine
Pinus virginiana, Scrub Pine
Pinus taeda, Loblolly Pine
Tsuga canadensis, Eastern Hemlock (species of concern)
Tsuga canadensis, Weeping Hemlock ‘Pendulum”
Tsuga caroliniana, Carolina Hemlock (this species is at risk of becoming threatened and endangered, worldwide)
Platanaceae
Platanus occidentalis, American Sycamore
Rhamnaceae
Frangula alnus, “Asplenifolia”*
Ziziphus mauritiana, Jujube Date*
Rosaceae
Amelanchier arborea, Tree Serviceberry or Juneberry
Aronia sp., Chokeberry
Chamaenomeles sp. Flowering Quince*
Crataegus spp., Hawthorn
Kerria japonica, Yellow Rose of Texas*
Malus sp., Apple*
Physocarpus opulifolius, Ninebark
Prunus armeniaca, Apricot*
Prunus avium, Bird Cherry*
Prunus pensylvanica, Fire Cherry
Prunus serotina, Black Cherry (species of concern)
Prunus sp., Cherry*
Prunus sp., Native Plum
Prunus tomentosa, Nanking Cherry*
Pyrus communis, Pear*
Rosa multiflora, Multiflora Rose* Invasive
Rosa rugosa, Rugosa Rose*
Rosa virginiana, Virginia Rose
Rosa spp., Rose Ornamentals*
Rubus occidentalis, Black Cap Raspberry
Rubus phoenicolasius, Wineberry*
Rubus sp., Blackberry*
Rubus sp., Raspberry*
Sorbus americana, Rowan or Mountain Ash
Spirea japonica* Very Invasive
Spirea prunifolia, Old-Fashioned Bridle Wreath Spirea*
Rubiaceae
Cephalanthus occidentalis, Buttonbush
Gardenia jasmanoides, Gardenia*
Rutacee
Ptelea trifoliata Wafer Ash or Hoptree
Poncirus trifoliata, Trifoliate Orange* “Flying Dragon”
Salicaceae
Salix babylonica, Weeping Willow
Salix caprea, Dwarf Pussy Willow*
Salix discolor, Pussy Willow
Salix sp., Willow
Sapindaceae
Acer japonica, Japanese Maple Vitifolium
Acer negundo, Eastern Box Maple or Box Elder
Acer pensylvanicum, Striped Maple
Acer rubrum, Red Maple
Acer saccharinum, Silver Maple
Acer saccharum, Sugar Maple
Aesculus sylvatica, Painted Buckeye
Koelreuteria paniculata, Goldenrain Tree*
Simaroubaceae
Ailanthus altissima, Tree of Heaven* Invasive
Styracaceae
Halesia tetraptera, Carolina Silverbell
Styrax americanus, American Snowbell
Taxaceae
Taxus sp., Yew*
Theaceae
Cammelia sinensis, Tea*
Stewartia sp., Stewartia (species of concern)DIED?
Thymelaeaceae
Daphne odora, Daphne*
Dirca palustris, Leatherwood
Ulmaceae
Ulmus rubra, Slippery Elm
HERBACEOUS PLANTS (MONOCOTS)
Acoraceae
Acorus calamus, Sweet Flag or Calamus
Agavaceae
Camassia scilloides, Eastern Camas or Quamash Lily
Hosta spp., Hosta*
Yucca filamentosa, Yucca*
Amaryllidaceae
Allium spp., Ornamentals*
Allium cernuum, Nodding Onion
Allium tricoccum, Ramps
Allium vineale, Field Garlic or Wild Onion*
Narcissus pseudonarcissus, Daffodil
Araceae
Amorphophallus konjac, Voodoo Lily*
Arisaema dracontium, Green Dragon DIED?
Arisaema triphyllum, Jack-in-the-Pulpit, Indian Turnip
Asparagaceae
Hesperaloe parviflora, Red Yucca
Maianthemum racemosum, Solomon’s Plume
Polygonatum biflorum or pubescens, Solomon’s Seal
Polygonatum kingianum, Huang Jing*
Asphodelaceae (Xanthorrhoeaceae)
Asphodelus albus, Asphodel*
Hemerocallis fulva, Day Lily*
Colchicaceae
Uvularia perfoliata, Perfoliate Bellwort
Uvularia sessilifolia, Sessile Bellwort
Commelinaceae
Commelina communis, Asiatic Dayflower*
Tradescantia ohiensis, Spiderwort
Cyperaceae
Carex flaca, Blue Zinger Sedge
Carex pensylvanica, Pennsylvania Sedge
Carex plantaginea, Plantain Leaved Sedge
Carex spp., Sedges
Dioscoraceae
Dioscorea polystachya, Cinnamonvine, Air Potato* Invas
Dioscorea villosa, Wild Yam
Iridaceae
Crocosmia sp., Lucifer’s Tongue*
Iris cristata, Dwarf Crested Iris
Iris fulva, Copper Iris
Iris pallida, Orris Root
Iris pseudoacorus, Yellow Flag*
Iris spp., multiple varieties all over property*
Juncaceae
Juncus effusus, Soft Rush (by lower pond)
Juncus tenuis, Path Rush
Hyacinthaceae
Muscari atlanticum, Grape Hyacinth*
Ornithogalum umbellatum, Star of Bethlehem*
Liliaceae
Erythronium sp., Trout Lily
Lilium michauxii, Carolina Lily
Lilium superbum, Turk’s Cap Lily
Liriope muscari, Liriope*
Medeola virginiana, Wild or Indian Cucumber
Prosartes lanuginosa, Yellow Mandarin or Fairy Bells
Scilla siberica, Siberian Squill*
Melanthiaceae
Chamelirium luteum, False Unicorn Root
Trillium cuneatum, Sweet Betsy or Purple Toadshade
Trillium catesbaei, Nodding Pink Flowering Trillium
Trillium erectum, Stinking Willie
Trillium luteum, Yellow Trillium
Trillium rugelii, Southern or Tall Nodding Trillium
Veratrum viride, White Hellebore or Cornhusk-lily
Nartheciaceae
Aletris farinosa, Unicorn Root
Orchidaceae
Aplectrum hyemale, Adam and Eve or Puttyroot
Cypripedium acaule, Pink Lady’s Slippers
Galearis spectabilis, Showy Orchid
Goodyera pubescens, Rattlesnake Orchid
Spiranthes cernua, Nodding Ladies’ Tresses
Tipularia discolor, Cranefly Orchid
Poaceae
Anthoxanthum odorata, Eastern Vernal Sweetgrass
Arundinaria gigantea, Rivercane
Arundo donax, Peppermint Stick or Striped Giant Reed*
Dichanthelium clandestinum, Deer-Tongue Grass
Dichanthelium sp., Witch Grass
Heirochloe odorata, Ceremonial Sweetgrass*
Leymus arenerius, Blue Lyme Grass*
Microstegium vimineum, Japanese Stilt Grass*
Miscanthus sinensis, Chinese Silver Grass* Invasive
Panicum virgatum, Panicgrass or Switchgrass
Phalaris arundinacea, Reed Canary Grass*
Poa annua, Bluegrass
Schizachyrium scoparium, Little Bluestem
Sorghum halapense, Johnson Grass* Invasive
Smilacaceae
Smilax glauca, Greenbrier or Sarsparilla
Smilax herbacea, Smooth Carrion Flower
Smilax rotundifolia, Common Greenbriar or Catbriar
Typhaceae
Typha angustifolia or latifolia, Cattail* (Invasive)
HERBACEOUS PLANTS (DICOTS)
Acanthaceae
Acanthus mollis Bear’s Breeches*
Ruellia caroliniensis, Carolina Wild Petunia
Amaranthaceae
Amaranthus spinosa, Spiny Amaranth*
Amaranthus spp.
Chenopodium album, Lamb’s Quarter or Goose-foot*
Anacardiaceae
Toxicodendron radicans, Eastern Poison Ivy
Apiaceae
Angelica archangelica, Angelica*
Angelica gigas, Angelica*
Angelica triquinata, Filmy Angelica
Cryptotaenia canadensis, Honewort
Daucus carota, Queen Anne’s Lace*
Eryngium yuccifolium, Rattlesnake Master
Ligusticum canadense, Appalachian Osha or Angelico
Myrrhis odorata, European Sweet Cicely*
Osmorhiza claytonii, Sweet Cicely
Osmorhiza longistylis, Long Style Sweet Cicely
Pastinaca sativa, Wild Parsnip*
Sanicula canadensis, Short-styled Snakeroot
Sanicula gregaria, Clustered Snakeroot
Zizia aurea, Common Golden Alexander
Apocynaceae
Amsonia tabernaemontana, Blue Star
Apocynum cannibinum, Dogbane
Asclepias exaltata, Poke Leaved Milkweed*
Asclepias incarnata, Swamp Milkweed
Asclepias quadrifolia, Four-Leaved Milkweed
Asclepias syriaca, Common Milkweed
Asclepias tuberosa, Butterfly Weed
Ascelpias viridiflora, Green Milkweed DIED?
Asclepias verticillata, Whorled Milkweed DIED?
Gomphocarpus physocarpus, Balloon Milkweed*
Matelea carolinensis, Carolina Spinypod
Vinca minor, Vinca or Periwinkle
Araliaceae
Aralia racemosa, Spikenard
Aralia spinosa, Devil’s Walking Stick
Hedera helix, English Ivy*
Eleuthrococcus sp., Siberian Ginseng*
Panax quinquefolius, American Ginseng
Tetrapanax papyrifer, Rice Paper Plant*
Aristolochiaceae
Isotrema macrophyllum, Dutchman’s Pipevine
Asarum canadense, Wild Ginger
Asarum splendens. Asian Wild Ginger*
Asteraceae
Achillea borealis, Native Yarrow
Achillea millifolium, Yarrow
Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Common Ragweed *(Invasive)
Ambrosia trifida, Great Ragweed
Anacyclus pyrethrum, Pelliatory*
Antennaria spp., Rosy Pussy-Toes
Arctium minus, Common Burdock*
Arnoglossum atriplicifolium, Pale Indian Plantain
Artemisia absinthium, Wormwood*
Artemisia annua, Sweet Annie*
Artemisia vulgaris, Mugwort*
Bidens frondosa, Beggar’s Ticks
Bigelowia nuttallii, Nutalls Rayless Goldenrod
Boltonia asteroides, Wavy Aster
Centaurea cyanus, Bachelor’s Button*
Chrysanthemum morifolium, Gong-ju-hua and Bo-ju-hua*
Chrysogonum virginianum, Green and Gold
Chrysopsis mariana, Golden Aster
Cichorium intybus, Chicory
Cirsium discolor, Field thistle*
Cirsium sp., Thistle
Conoclinum coelestinum, Blue Mist or Hardy Ageratum
Coreopsis latifolia
Coreopsis major, Whorled Coreopsis
Coreopsis sp., Ornamentals*
Dahlia pinnata, Dahlia*
Echinacea angustifolia, Narrow-leaved Purple Coneflower
Echinacea laevigata, Native Appalachian Echinacea
Echinacea paradoxa, Ozark Coneflower
Echinacea purpurea, Eastern Purple Coneflower
Echinacea tennesseensis, Tennesse Purple Coneflower
Elephantopus tomentosa/carolinianus, Elephant’s Foot
Erechtites heiraciifolius, Pilewort
Erigeron annus, Annual Fleabane
Erigeron philadelphicus, Daisy Fleabane
Erigeron pulchellus, Robin’s Plantain
Eupatorium perfoliatum, Boneset
Eupatorium serotinum, Thoroughwort or Late Boneset
Eurybia divaricata, White Heart-leaved or Wood Aster
Eurybia macrophyllum, Big Leaf Aster
Eutrochium maculatum, Spotted Joe-Pye Weed
Eutrochium steelei, Appalchian Joe-Pye Weed
Galinsoga ciliata, Galinsoga or Quickweed
Grindelia robusta, Gumweed*
Helianthus angustifolius, Swamp Sunflower
Asteraceae (Continued)
Helianthus maximilianii, Maximillian Sunflower
Helianthus mollis, Ashy Sunflower
Helianthus tuberosus, Jerusalem Artichoke
Heliopsis helianthoides, Oxeye Sunflower
Hieracium venosum, Rattlesnake weed
Inula helenium, Elecampane*
Ionactis linariifolius, Stiff-leaved Aster
Krigia montana, Mountain Dwarf Dandelion
Lactuca canadense, Wild Lettuce
Leucanthemum vulgare, Ox-Eyed Daisy*
Liatris aspera, Rough Blazing Star
Liatris pycnostachya, Prairie Blazing Star
Liatris spicata, Blazing Star or Gayfeather
Nablus latissimus, White Lettuce or Gall of the Earth
Packera anonyma, Small’s Ragwort
Packera aurea, Golden Ragwort
Parthenium integrifolium, Wild Quinine
Pityopsis graminifolia, Narrow-leaf Silk Grass
Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium, Rabbit Tobacco or Sweet Everlasting
Ratibida pinnata, Prairie or Gray-headed Coneflower
Rudbeckia hirta, Black Eyed Susan
Rudbeckia laciniata, Sochan or Tall Yellow Coneflower
Rudbeckia fulgide, Orange Coneflower
Rudbeckia maxima, Giant/Great/Large Coneflower
Santolina chamaecyparissus, Lavender Cotton*
Senecio vulgaris, Common Groundsel
Silphium laciniatum, Compass Plant
Silphium perfoliatum, Cup Plant
Silphium trifoliatum, Whorled Rosinweed
Smallanthus uvedalia, Leafcup or Bear’s Foot
Silybum marianum, Milk Thistle
Solidago arguta, Atlantic Goldenrod
Solidago bicolor, Silverrod
Solidago curtisii Mountain Decumbent Goldenrod
Solidago canadensis, Canada Goldenrod
Solidago flexicaulis Zigzag Goldenrod
Solidago speciosa, Showy Goldenrod
Solidago sphacelata, Autumn Goldenrod
Sonchus oleraceus, Common Sow Thistle*
Stokesia laevis, Stoke’s Aster*
Symphyotrichum cordifolium, Common Blue Wood Aster
Symphyotrichum dumosum, Rice Button Aster
Symhpyotrichum ericoides, Heath Aster
Symhpyotrichum laeve, Smooth Aster
Symphyotrichum patens, Late Purple Aster
Symphyotrichum pilosum, White Heath Aster
Symphyotrichum puniceum, Swamp Aster
Symphyotrichum undulatum, Wavyleaf Aster
Tanacetum parthenium, Feverfew*
Tanacetum vulgare, Tansy*
Taraxacum officinale, Dandelion*
Verbesina alternifolia, Wingstem
Verbesina virginica, White Crownbeard
Vernonia altissima, Ironweed
Xanthium spinosum/strumarium, Cockleburr
Youngia japonica, Asian Hawksbeard*
Balsaminaceae
Impatiens capensis, Spotted Jewelweed
Impatiens pallida, Pale or Yellow Jewelweed
Berberidaceae
Caulophyllum thalictroides, Blue Cohosh
Epimedium sp., Horny Goat Weed*
Jeffersonia diphylla, Twin Leaf
Podophyllum peltatum, Mayapple
Bignoniaceae
Campsis radicans, Trumpet Vine
Boraginaceae
Anchusa ochroleuca, Yellow Alkanet*
Anchusa officinalis, Anchusa Azure*
Borago officinalis, Borage*
Cynoglossum virginiana, Hound’s Tounge
Hydrophyllum sp., Waterleaf
Mertensia virginica, Virginia Bluebells
Myosotis sp., Forget-Me-Not*
Phacelia bipinnatifida, Fern-leaved Phacelia
Pulmonaria officinalis, Lungwort*
Symphytum officinale, Comfrey*
Brassicaceae
Armoracia rusticana, Horseradish*
Barbarea verna, Cress*
Brassica rapa, Field Mustard*
Capsella bursa-pastoris, Shephard’s Purse*
Cardamine laciniata, Cut-leaved Toothwort
Cardamine pensylvanica, Pennsylvania Watercress
Draba verna
Erysimum sp. Wallflower
Iberis sempervirens, Candytuft*
Lepidium campestre, Resourceful Person’s Pepper
Lunaria annua, Money Plant*
Nasturtium officinale, Watercress*
Orychophragmus violaceus, Chinese Violet Cress*
Buxaceae
Pachysandra procumbens, Allegheny Spurge
Cactaceae
Cylindropuntia imbricata, Tree Cholla*
Cylindropuntia x viridiflora, Rat Tail Cholla*
Echinocereus triglochidiatus, King Cup Cactus*
Opuntia humifusa, Eastern Prickly Pear
Opuntia spp., Prickly Pear
Campanulaceae
Campanula americana, Tall Bellflower
Campanula divaricata, Southern Harebell
Laurentia (or Isotoma) fluviatilis, Blue Star Creeper*
Lobelia cardinalis, Cardinal Flower
Lobelia inflata, Indian Tobacco
Lobelia puberula Downy Lobelia
Lobelia siphilitica, Great Blue Lobelia
Lobelia spp., Lobelia
Triodanis perfoliata, Venus Looking Glass
Caprifoliaceae
Lonicera japonica, Japanese Honeysuckle* Invasive
Lonicera sempervirens, Southeastern Native Honeysuckle or Coral Honeysuckle
Diervilla sessifolia, Bush Honeysuckle
Dipsacus fullonum, Teasle*
Patrinia scabiosifolia, Golden Valerian*
Valeriana jamansii, Indian Valerian*
Valeriana officinalis, Valerian*
Weigelia sp.*
Caryophyllaceae
Cerastium fontanum ssp. vulgare, Mouse-eared chickweed
Dianthus armeria, Deptford Pink*
Dianthus deltoides, Maiden Pink*
Dianthus spp., Sweet William and Super Trouper etc…*
Saponaria officinalis, Bouncing Bet or Soapwort
Silene caroliniana, Wild Pink, Catchfly
Silene ovata, Blue Ridge Catchfly
Silene stellata, Starry Campion, Widowsfrill
Silene virginica, Fire Pink
Silene vulgaris, Maiden’s Tears*
Stellaria media, Common Chickweed
Stellaria pubera, Great Chickweed
Valerianella locusta, Corn Salad or Mache
Celastraceae
Celastrus orbiculatus, Oriental Bittersweet* Invasive
Euonymus fortunei, Wintercreeper* Invasive
Cistaceae
Lechea minor, Thymeleaf Pinweed
Cleomaceae
Cleome hassleriana, Spider flower or Pink Queen*
Convolvulaceae
Calystegia spp., Bindweed
Convolvulus arvensis, Morning Glory*
Cuscuta sp., Dodder
Ipomoea coccinea, Small Red Morning Glory*
Ipomoea hederacea Ivy Leaf Morning Glory*
Ipomoea purpurea, Common Morning Glory*
Crassulaceae
Hylotelephium telephioides, Allegheny Stonecrop. Locally Rare
Sedum telephioides, Live Forever
Sedum ternatum, Wild Stonecrop
Cucurbitaceae
Gynostemma pentaphyllum, Jiaogulan* (INVASIVE!)
Diapensiaceae
Galax urceolata, Galax
Shortia galacifolia, Oconee Bells
Ephedraceae
Ephedra sp., Mahuang or Mormon Tea*
Equisetaceae
Equisetum hyemale affinis, Scouring Rush
Ericaceae
Calluna vulgaris, Heather*
Chimaphila maculata, Striped Pipsissewa
Gaultheria procumbens, Wintergreen
Leucothoe fontanesiana, Dog Hobble
Monotropa hypopitys, Pine Sap
Monotropa uniflora, Ghost Pipe or Indian Pipe
Pieris japonica, Japanese Andromeda*
Euphorbiaceae
Acalypha sp., Three-seeded Mercury
Chamaesyce maculata, Spotted Spurge
Euphorbia corollata, Flowering Spurge
Euphorbia cyparissias, Graveyard Plant or Cypress Spurge
Euphorbia lathyris, Mole Plant or Gopher Spurge
Euphorbia maculata, Prostrate Spurge
Ricinus communis, Castor Bean*
Fabaceae
Amorpha fruitcosa, Desert False Indigo
Amphicarpa bracteata, Hog Peanut
Apios americana, Groundnut
Astragalus canadensis, Canadian Milkvetch
Astragalus propinquus, Astragalus*
Baptisia australis, Wild Indigo
Baptisia leucantha, White False Indigo
Desmanthus illinoensis, Prairiehuasca*
Desmodium glutinosum, Pointed Leaf Tick Treefoil
Desmodium nudiflorum, Naked Flower Tick Trefoil
Genista tinctoria, Dyer’s Broom*
Lathyrus latifolia, Sweet Pea*
Lupinus spp., Lupines*
Securigera varia, Crown Vetch*
Senna hebecarpa, Northern Wild Senna
Tephrosia virginiana, Devil’s Shoestrings
Thermopsis villosa, Golden Banner
Fabaceae (Continued)
Trifolium campestre, Low Hop Clover*
Trifolium pratense, Red Clover*
Trifolium repens, White Clover*
Vicia sp., Vetch
Wisteria frutescens, Native Wisteria
Gentianaceae
Gentian sp., True Blue Gentian
Gentiana andrewsii, Andrew’s or Bottle Gentian
Gentiana lutea, Yellow Gentian*
Gentiana tibetica, Tibetan Gentian*
Obolaria virginica, Woodland Pennywort or Coy Gentian
Sabatia angularis, Rose Gentian or Rose Pink
Geraniaceae
Geranium maculatum, Wild Geranium
Geranium molle, Dove’s Foot Geranium
Hypericaceae
Hypericum gentianoides, Orangegrass
Hypericum perforatum, St. John’s Wort*
Hypericum prolificum, Shrubby St. John’s Wort
Hypericum punctatum, Spotted Saint John’s Wort
Hypercium sp. St. Andrew’s Cross
Lamiaceae
Agastache foeniculum, Anise Hyssop*
Blephilia ciliata or hirsuta, Downy wood mint
Collinsonia canadensis, Richweed,Horsebalm or Stoneroot
Glechoma hederacea, Ground Ivy, Alehoof or Gill Over the Ground*
Lamiastrum galeobdoblon, Herman’s Pride Archangel*
Lamium aplexicaule, Henbit*
Lamium purpureum, Purple Dead Nettle*
Lavandula spp., Lavender* (Munstead, Elegance Purple, Czech
Leonurus cardiaca, Motherwort*
Leonurus japonicus, Chinese Motherwort*
Leonurua sibiricus, Siberian Motherwort* Invasive
Lycopus europaeus, Europe Bugleweed or Gypsywort*
Lycopus virginicus, Bugleweed
Melissa officinalis, Lemon Balm
Mentha longifolia, Habek Biblical Mint*
Mentha piperita, Peppermint
Mentha spp., Mints* Invasive
Monarda didyma, Bee Balm or Oswego Tea*
Monarda fistulosa, Wild Bergamot
Monarda punctatum, Spotted Bee Balm
Nepeta cataria, Catnip*
Ocimum sanctum, Holy Basil*
Origanum vulgare, Oregano*
Perilla frutescens, Shiso*
Perovskia atriplicifolia, Russian Sage*
Physostegia virginiana, Obedient Plant
Prunella vulgaris, Heal-All or Self Heal*
Pycnanthemum montanum, Thinleaf Mountain Mint
Pycnanthemum muticum, Clustered Mountain Mint
Pycnanthemum sp., Mountain Mint
Rosmarinus spp., Rosemary*
Salvia lyrata or urticifolia, Lyre Leaf Sage
Salvia officinalis, Garden Sage*
Salvia miltiorrhiza, Red Sage/Denshen*
Salvia sclarea, Clary Sage*
Salvia spp., Ornamental Sages*
Scutellaria baicalensis, Chinese Skullcap*
Scutellaria elliptica, Hairy Skullcap
Scutellaria integrifolia, Helmet or Rough Skullcap
Scutellaria lateriflora, Mad Dog Skullcap
Scutellaria parvula var. leonardii, Shale Barren Skullcap
Thymus spp., Thyme varieties*
Loganiaceae
Spigelia marilandica, Indian Pink DIED
Malvaceae
Althea officinalis, Marshmallow
Hibiscus coccineus, Swamp Hibiscus
Hibiscus moscheutos, Rose Mallow
Hibiscus sabdariffa, Roselle*
Hibiscus spp., Ornamental and Native varieties
Hibiscus trionum, Flower-of-an-Hour*
Malva neglecta, Common Mallow or Cheese Mallow*
Sida sp., Sida
Montiaceae
Claytonia virginica, Spring Beauty
Phemeranthus sp. (probably teretifolius). Appalachian Rock Pink or Flame Flower. This sp. though not rare, is restricted to rocky outcrops here. One at Onion Rock.
Myricaceae
Comptonia peregrina, Sweet Fern
Onagraceae
Circaea quadrisulcata or lutetiana, Enchanter’s Nightshade
Epilobium sp. Willow Herb
Gaura biennis, Beeblossom
Ludwigia alternifolia, Seedbox
Oenothera biennis, Evening Primrose
Onethera fremontii, Shimmer*
Oenothera fruticosa, Sundrops
Oenothera speciosa, Pink Ladies
Orobanchaceae
Agalinus tenuifolia, Common Gerardia
Aureolaria flava, False-foxglove or Oak-leech
Aureolaria virginia, Downy False Foxglove
Conopholis americana, Bear Corn
Epifagus virginiana, Beechdrops
Orobanche minor, Common Broomrape
Pedicularis canadensis, Lousewort
Oxalidaceae
Oxalis corniculata, Creeping Wood Sorrel
Oxalis montana, Mountain Wood Sorrel
Oxalis stricta, Common Yellow wood Sorrel
Paeoniaceae
Paeonia sp., Peony*
Papaveraceae
Dicentra canadensis, Squirrel Corn
Dicentra cucullaria, Dutchman’s Breeches
Dicentra spectabilis, White and Pink Bleeding Hearts
Eschscholzia californica, California Poppy*
Glaucium flavum, Yellow Horned Poppy
Macleaya cordata, Plume Poppy*
Papaver rhoeas, Common Poppy*
Papaver somniferum, Opium Poppy*
Papaver orientale, Oriental Poppy*
Sanguinaria canadensis, Bloodroot
Stylophorum diphyllum, Wood Poppy or Celandine
Passifloraceae
Passiflora incarnata, Passionflower
Passiflora lutea, Yellow Passionflower
Phrymaceae
Mimulus ringens, Monkey Flower
Phryma leptostachya, Lopseed
Phytolaccaceae
Phytolacca americana, Pokeweed
Plantaginaceae
Chelone lyonii, Turtlehead
Chelone spp., Turtlehead
Digitalis purpurea, Foxglove*
Penstemon spp., Beardtongue
Penstemon calycosus, Longsepal Beardtongue
Penstemon digitalis, Foxglove Penstemon
Penstemon hirsutus, Hairy Beardtongue
Penstemon smallii, Small’s Penstemon
Plantago lanceolata, Lance Leaf Plantain
Plantago major, Wide Leaf Plantain
Plantago rugelii, Black Seed Purple Stem Wide Plantain
Veronica americana, American Brookline
Veronica beccabunga, Water Forget-Me-Not*
Veronica peduncularis, Georgia Blue*
Veronica persica, Birds Eye Speedwell*
Veronica serpyllifolia, Thyme-leaved Veronica*
Veronicatrum virginicum, Culver’s Root
Plumbaginaceae
Ceratostigma plumbaginoides, Plumbago*
Polemoniaceae
Phlox carolina, Carolina Phlox
Phlox spp., Phlox
Phlox stolonifera, Creeping Phlox
Phlox subulata, Emerald Blue Phlox*
Polemonium reptans, Jacob’s Ladder
Polygonaceae
Brunnichia ?
Eriogonum allenii, Yellow Buckwheat
Fallopia multiflora, Heshouwu*
Fallopia scandens, Climbing Wild Buckwheat
Polygonum or Persicaria spp., Knotweed, Smartweed, Polygonum tenue, Pleatleaf Knotweed
Rumex acetosella, Sheep Sorrel*
Rumex crispus, Curly Dock*
Rumex obtusifolia, Obtuse Yellow Dock*
Rumex sanguineus, Bloody Dock*
Tovara virginiana, Virginia Jumpseed
Portulacaceae
Portulaca oleracea, Purslane*
Primulaceae
Anagallis arvensis, Scarlet Pimpernel*
Lysimachia clethroides, Gooseneck Loosestrife*
Lysimachia japonica, Dwf Creeping Jenny “minutissima”*
Primula auricula, Yellow Mountain Cowslip*
Primula meadia, Shooting Star
Ranunculaceae
Actaea pachypoda, Doll’s Eyes
Actaea podocarpa, Mountain Bugbane
Actaea racemosa, Black Cohosh
Anemone pulsatilla, Pasqueflower, Wind Flower, Easter Flower*
Anemone quinquefolia, Wood Anemone
Anemone virginiana, Thimbleweed
Aquilegia canadensis, Columbine
Clematis virginiana, Virgin’s Bower
Clematis spp., Ornamental
Delphinium exaltum, Tall Larkspur
Delphinium tricorne, Wild Larkspur
Helleborus orientalis, Lenten Rose*
Hepatica acutiloba, Sharp-lobed Hepatica
Hepatica nobilis, Liverwort, Liverleaf
Hydrastis canadensis, Goldenseal
Ranunculus abortivus, Small-flowered Crowfoot
Ranunculus bulbosus, Bulb-bearing Buttercup*
Thalictrum dioicum, Meadow Rue
Trautvetterria carolinensis, Carolina Tassel Rue
Xanthorhiza simplicissima, Yellowroot
Rosaceae
Agrimonia parviflora, Small Flowering Agrimony
Agrimonia rostellata, Beaked Agrimony
Alchemilla vulgaris, Lady’s Mantle*
Aruncus dioicus, Goatsbeard
Duchesnea indica, Indian Strawberry*
Filipendula rubra, Meadowsweet or Queen of the Prairie
Fragaria sp., Strawberry*
Geum sp., Avens
Potentilla canadensis, Dwarf Cinquefoil
Potentilla simplex, Common Cinquefoil
Sanguisorba minor, Salad Burnet*
Spiraea alba, White Spirea
Spiraea japonica, Japanese Spirea* Invasive
Rubiaceae
Diodia virginiana, Buttonweed
Galium aparine, Cleavers*
Galium lanceolatum, Wild Licorice/Lance-leaved Galium
Galium latifolium, Wideleaf Bedstraw
Galium odorata, Sweet Woodruff*
Galium pedemontanum
Galium rubrum, Madder*
Houstonia purpurea, Purple Houstonia
Mitchella repens, Partridgeberry or Squaw Vine (name is of Algonquian origin) Species of concern
Rubia tinctoria, Madder*
Sherardia arvensis, Blue Field Madder*
Rutaceae
Ruta graveolens, Rue*
Saururaceae
Anemopsis californica, Yerba Mansa*
Houttuynia sp., Vietnamese Coriander*
Saururus cernuus, Lizard’s Tail
Saxifragaceae
Astilbe biternata, Appalachian Goat’s-beard
Astilbe sp., Ornamental*
Heuchera americana, American Alumroot
Heuchera spp., Coral Bells
Micranthes micranthidifolia, Branch Lettuce
Mitella diphylla, Miterwort or Bishop’s Cap
Tiarella cordifolia, Foam Flower
Schisandraceae
Schisandra glabra, Magnolia Vine
Scrophulariaceae
Scrophularia ningpoensis, Xuan Shen*
Scrophularia nodosa, Figwort*
Verbascum blattaria, Moth Mullein
Verbascum phoeniceum, Bouquet Mullein
Verbascum thapsus, Mullein
Solanaceae
Brugmansia versicolor, Apricot Angel’s trumpet*
Datura metel?, Indian Thornapple*
Datura stramonium, Datura/Jimson weed
Nicandra physalodes, Apple of Peru*
Nicotiana sp., Tobacco*
Solanum americanum, Black Nightshade
Solanum carolinense, Carolina Horse Nettle
Urticaceae
Laportea canadensis, Wood Nettle
Pilea pumila, Clearweed
Urtica dioica, Stinging Nettle*
Verbenaceae
Verbena hastata, Blue Vervain
Verbena stricta, Hoary Vervain*
Verbena urticifolia, White Vervain
Violaceae
Hybanthus concolor, Eastern Green Violet
Viola blanda, Sweet white Violet
Viola hastata, Halberd-leaved Violet
Viola pedata, Birdfoot Violet
Viola pallens, Northern White Violet
Viola palmata, Early Blue Violet
Viola pubescens, Yellow Woodland Violet
Viola sororia var. sororia, Blue or Confederate Violet
Vitaceae
Parthenocissus quinquifolia, Virginia Creeper
Vitis sp., Fox Grape
Vitis sp., Scuppernong
Vitis sp., Grape*
Suspected: Bladder Campion, Coral-root Orchid, Mtn Pepper Bush, Vermilion Pimpernel & Whorled Loosestrife
FERNS:
Aspleniaceae
Asplenium platyneuron, Ebony Spleenwort
Asplenium montanum, Mountain Spleenwort
Athyriaceae
Athyrium niponicum, Japanese Painted Fern*
Dennstaedtiaceae
Pteridium aquilinum, Bracken Fern
Dryopteridaceae
Polystichum acrostichoides, Christmas Fern
Huperziaceae (a clubmoss family)
Huperzia lucidula, Shining Clubmoss
Onocleaceae
Matteuccia struthiopteris, Ostrich Fern
Ophioglossaceae
Botrypus virginianus, Rattlesnake Fern or Sang-pointer
Osmundaceae
Osmunda regalis, Royal Fern
Sinopteridaceae
Adiantum capillus-veneris or pedatum, Maiden Hair Fern
Woodsiaceae
Athyrium filix-femina subsp. angustum or filix- femina subsp. aspleniodes, Lady Fern
Onoclea sensibilis, Sensitive Fern
Woodsia obtusa, Bluntlobe Cliff Fern
Polypodiaceae
Pleopeltis polypodioides, Resurrection fern
Polypodium appalachianum, Appalachian Polypody
Thelypteridaceae
Phegopteris hexagonoptera, Broad Beech Fern
Thelypteris noveboracensis, New York Fern
LYCOPHYTES:
Lycopodiaceae (a clubmoss family)
Diphasiastrum digitatum, Fan Clubmoss
Lycopodium spp., Running Cedar
Selaginellaceae
Selaginella sp.
MOSSES:
Brachytheciaceae
Bryoandersonia sp.
Fissidentaceae
Fissidens sp.
Orthotrichaceae
Ulota crispa
Polytrichaceae
Atrichium sp.
Polytrichum commune
Thuidiaceae
Thuidium sp.
SIGNIFICANT INVERTEBRATES:
Halyomorpha halys, Brown Marmorated Stink Bug- Invading the home and land!!!!
Hypochilidae, Lampshade Spider. One of the oldest known lineages of living spiders. Lives in wide funnel/lampshade shaped webs on rock boulders or overhangs. Found on boulder near waterfall.
Mantis religiosa, European mantis
Meloe americanus, Blue-humpbacked-blister Beetle
Ground Wasps
BUTTERFLIES:
Nymphalidae
Danaus plexippus, Monarch
Polygonia comma, Comma
Papilonidae
Battus philenor, Pipevine Swallowtail
Papilio troilus, Spicebush Swallowtail
Pieridae
Phoebis sennae Suplhur
Pieris rapae, Cabbage White
BIRDS: (Seen or heard on the Property)
Accipitridae
Accipiter cooperi, Cooper’s Hawk
Circus hudsonius, Northern Harrier
Bombycillidae
Bombycilla cedrorum, Cedar Waxwing
Cardinalidae
Cardinalis cardinalis, Cardinal
Passerina ciris, Painted Bunting
Passerina cyanea, Indigo Bunting
Piranga olivacea, Scarlet Tanager
Cathartidae
Cathartes aura, Turkey Vulture
Certhidae
Tree Creeper
Columbidae
Zenaida macroura, Mourning Dove
BIRDS Continued:
Corvidae
Corvus sp., Crow
Cyanocitta cristata Bluejay
Cuculidae
Coccyzus erythrothalmus, Black-Billed Cuckoo
Fringillidae
Coccothraustes vespertinus, Evening Grosbeak
Spinus tristis, American Goldfinch
Hirundinidae
Hirundo rustica, Barn Swallow
Mimidae
Dumetella carolinensis, Gray Catbird
Mimus polyglottos, Northern Mockingbird
Paridae
Poecile carolinensis, Carolina Chickadee
Baeolophus bicolor, Tufted Titmouse
Parulidae
Mniotilta varia, Black and White Warbler
Seiurus aurocapilla, Oven Bird
Setophaga citrina, Hooded Warbler
Passerilidae
Junco hyemalis, Dark-Eyed Junco
Melospiza melodia, Song Sparrow
Pipilo erythrophthalmus, Eastern Towhee
Other Sparrows
Phasianidae
Grouse
Pheasant,
Meleagris gallopavo, Wild Turkey
Picidae
Colaptes auratus, Northern Flicker
Dryobates pubescens , Downy Woodpecker
Dryocopus pileatus, Pileated Woodpecker
Leuconotopicus villosus, Hairy Woodpecker
Melanerpes carolinus, Red-bellied Woodpecker
Regulidae
Regulus calendula, Ruby-crowned kinglet
Regulus satrapa, Goldencrowned Kinglet
Strigidae
Megascops asio, Eastern Screech Owl
Strix varia, Barred Owl
Trochilidae
Archilochus colubris, Ruby-Throated Hummingbird
Troglodytidae
Thryothorus ludovicianus, Carolina Wren
Troglodytes hiemalis, Winter Wren
Turdidae
Sialia sp., Blue Bird
Turdus migratorius, American Robin
Tyrinnidae
Sayornis phoebe, Eastern Phoebe
Flycather,
Tytonidae
Tyto alba, Barn Owl
Vireonidae
Vireo olivaceus, Red-Eyed Vireo
FUNGI:
Agaricaceae
Lycoperdon
Boletaceae
Strobilomyces, Old Man of the Woods
Cantherellaceae
Cantharellus sp., Chanterelle
Corydicypitaceae
Cordyceps sp.
Helotiaceae
Chlorociboria aeruginascens, Blue-Green Stain Fungus
Hygrophoreaceae
Hygrophorus flavescens, Yellow Waxy Cap
Hypocreaceae
Hypomyces, Lobster Mushroom
Marasmiaceae
Marasmius rotula, Pinwheel Mushroom
Morchellaceae
Morchella esculenta, Morel
Nidulariaceae
Bird’s Nest Fungus
Omphalotaceae
Lentinula edodes, Shiitake
Omphalotus illudens, Jack O’ Lantern
Physalacriaceae
Armillaria sp. Honey Mushrooms
Pluerotaceae
Pleurotus ostreatus, Oyster Mushroom
Polyporaceae
Fistulina hepatica, Beefsteak Fungus
Laetiporus sp. Chicken of the Woods
Phellinus robiniae, Locust Polypore
Trametes versicolor, Common Turkey Tail
Trichaptum biforme, Violet-toothed Polypore
Pyronemataceae
Scutellinia scutellata, Eyelash Cup Fungus
Russulaceae
Russula sp., Russula
Lactarius spp.
Sebacinaceae
Tremellodendron pallidum, False Jelly Coral
Stereaceae
Stereum ostrea, Oyster Shaped Stereum
Xylariaceae
Xylaria polymorpha, Dead-man’s Fingers
LICHENS:
Umbilicaria americanus, Rock Trype
Usnea
SLIME MOLDS:
Lycogala epidendrum, Wolf’s Milk Slime Mold
Stemonitis splendens, Chocolate Tube-Slime